Sources

Historiography:

Clampitt, Brad. “Camp Groce, Texas: A Confederate Prison.” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 104.3 (2001): 364-84. JSTOR. Web.

Costa, Dora L. and Kahn, Matthew E. “Surviving Andersonville: The Benefits of Social

Networks in POW Camps.” The American Economic Review. 97.4 (2007): 1467-1487. Web.

Cross, C. W. “The Incarceration of a Regiment.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 56.2 (1997): 80-95. Web.

Davis, Robert S. “‘Near Andersonville’: An Historical Note on Civil War Legend and Reality.”

The Journal of African American History. 92.1 (2007): 96-105. Web.

Douglas, Joseph A. “The Ironic Role of African Americans in the Elmira, New York Civil War Prison Camp, 1864-65.” Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 23.1 (1999): 7-24. Web.

Futch, Ovid L. History of Andersonville Prison. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press,

Gillispie, James Massie. Andersonvilles of the North the Myths and Realities of Northern Treatment of Civil War Confederate Prisoners. Ed. Project Muse. Denton, Tex.: Denton, Tex. : University of North Texas Press, 2008. Web.

Hesseltine, William Best. Civil War Prisons: A Study in War Psychology. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1930. Print.

Hesseltine, William B. “The Propaganda Literature of Confederate Prisons.” The Journal of Southern History 1.1 (1935): 56-66. JSTOR. Web. Feb. 2016.

Sanders, Charles W. While In the Hands of the Enemy: Military Prisons of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2005. Print.

Zevitz, Richard. “Camp Randall Military Prison: Confederate Prisoners of War in Madison, Wisconsin.” Criminal Justice Studies; A Critical Journal of Crime, Law and Society 22.1 (2009): 91-102. Web.

Exhibit placard sources:

Union Prison System

“[Chattanooga, Tenn. Confederate prisoners at railroad depot.]” Photograph. c. 1864.From Library of Congress: Selected Civil War Photographs, 1861-1865. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/cwp2003000860/PP/.

“The Erie Railroad Collision.” Chicago Tribune (1860-1872): 0_3. Jul 21, 1864 1864. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Chicago Tribune. Web. 4/5/2016 2:20:28 PM <http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.uconn.edu/docview/175405357?accountid=14518>.

“From the Prison Camp at Elmira.” Daily True Delta, sec. XXIX: 2. 09/08 1864. RIS Format. Web. 4/5/2016 11:54:22 AM.

King, John H. Three Hundred Days in a Yankee Prison: Reminiscences of War Life Captivity–Imprisonment at Camp Chase Ohio. Digitized ed. Atlanta: Jason P. Daves, 1904. Print.

Moulton & Larkin, photographers. “[Elmira Prison, Elmira, New York.]” Photograph. c. 1864-65. From Library of Congress: Selected Civil War Photographs, 1861-1865. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647765/.

“The Rebels at Elmira.” New York Times (1857-1922): 4. Oct 9, 1864 1864. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times. Web. <http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.uconn.edu/docview/91832232?accountid=14518>.

Black Experience in the Prison System

A Group of “Contrabands”. [Hartford, Conn.: The War Photograph & Exhibition Co., No. 21 Linden Place, between and 1865, printed later, 1861] Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/resource/stereo.1s02762/

“Beyond the Battlefield: Civil War POW Camps in South Carolina.” South Carolina National Heritage Corridor. The South Carolina National Heritage Corridor, 7 May 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2016. <http://www.scnhc.org/story/beyond-the-battlefield-civil-war-pow-camps-in-south-carolina&gt;.

“Black POW Treatment.” The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. <https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/black-pows.html&gt;.

Davis, Robert S. “‘Near Andersonville’: An Historical Note on Civil War Legend and Reality.” The Journal of African American History. 92.1 (2007): 96-105. Web.

Gardner, Alexander, photographer. [Washington, D.C. Reading the death warrant to Wirz on the scaffold]. [1865] Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/cwp2003001031/PP/

Kennedy, Robert C. “The President’s Order No. 252.” The Treatment of Black POWs during the Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Apr. 2016. <http://ernest.roberts.net/earBLACK_POW1863.html&gt;.

Lincoln, Abraham. “Abraham Lincoln- Executive Order: Retaliation.” The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbra, n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D69908>.

McCaleb, H. A., William. P. Hardeman, and J. M. Braymen. “Confederate Treatment Of A Black Union Soldier.” Mississippi History Now. Mississippi History Now, n.d. Web. 06 Apr. 2016. <http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us/articles/175/index.php?s=extra&id=193&gt;.

Davis, Robert S. “‘Near Andersonville’: An Historical Note on Civil War Legend and Reality.” The Journal of African American History. 92.1 (2007): 96-105. Web.

Trial of Henry Wirz:. Washington: G.P.O., 1867. Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. <https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/Wirz-trial.pdf&gt;.

United States. National Park Service. “National Park Civil War Series: The Civil War’s Black Soldiers.” National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, n.d. Web. 06 Apr. 2016. <https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/civil_war_series/2/sec19.htm&gt;.

Confederate Prison System

A Richmond Prisoner, U.S. General Hospital…” 1864. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Web. 2 April 2016. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012650201&gt;

Ely, Alfred. Journal of Alfred Ely A Prisoner of War in Richmond. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1862. Online Library or Retrieval Service. Web. 2 April 2016. <https://archive.org/stream/journalalfredel00lanmgoog#page/n208/mode/2up&gt;.

Hamilton, Andrew G. Story of the Famous Tunnel Escape from Libby Prison. Chicago: S.S. Boggs, 1893. Web. 2 April 2016. <http://www.mdgorman.com/Prisons/Libby/story_of_the_famous_tunnel_escap.htm&gt;.

Moor, A.A. “Letter to Abraham Lincoln 13 Jan. 1865.” 1865. MS. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. Web. 2 April 2016. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/400/4001100/malpage.db&recNum=0&gt;.

Sanders, Charles W. While in the Hands of the Enemy: Military Prisons of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2005. Print. (Photograph of burial detail found on page 162.) <https://books.google.com/books?id=DC9_Hufn9FwC&pg=PA162-IA3&lpg=PA162-IA3&dq=new+york+historical+society+burying+union+dead&source=bl&ots=-zETtnwLJZ&sig=yym25LtSQWQvPvBebHF0Lu5R408&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvoZC8m_jLAhWHHB4KHWXhAyUQ6AEILjAD#v=onepage&q=new%20york%20historical%20society%20burying%20union%20dead&f=false&gt;.

The Camp Ford News 1 May 2016. Handwrittennews. Web. 2 April 2016. <https://handwrittennews.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/campfordnews.gif&gt;.

Andersonville Prison

Andersonville Prison, Ga., August 17, 1864. North-west View of Stockade. Digital image.Library of Congress, n.d. Web. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2013645521/&gt;.

Calvin Bates. Digital image. Library of Congress, n.d. Web.<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/civwar/item/2012650230/&gt;.

“Entry by Samuel Elliot, August 25, 1864.” House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College. Ed. Brenna McKelvey. Dickinson College, n.d. Web.<http%3A%2F%2Fhd.housedivided.dickinson.edu%2Fnode%2F32769>.

“Execution of Wirz.” Harper’s Weekly 25 Nov. 1865: 741-42. American Antiquarian Society (AAS) Historical Periodicals Collection: Series 4. Web.

Nast, Thomas. Union Soldiers in Andersonville Prison / The Rebel Leader, Jeff Davis, at Fortress Monroe. Digital image. Library of Congress, n.d. Web.<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/civwar/item/2008661832/&gt;.

Unidentified Emaciated Prisoner of War, from Belle Isle, Richmond, at the U.S. General Hospital, Div. 1, Annapolis. Digital image. Library of Congress, n.d. Web.<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/civwar/item/2013645513/&gt;.

Suggested Readings:

Barnickel, Linda. “No Federal Prisoners Among Them” The Execution of Black Union Soldiers at Jackson, Louisiana.” North & South: The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society 12.1 (2010): 59-62. Web.

Cloyd, Benjamin G., 1976-. Haunted by Atrocity Civil War Prisons in American Memory /. Baton Rouge :, 2010. Web.

Cooling, B. F. “A Virginian at Fort Donelson: Excerpts from the Prison Journal of John Henry Guy.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 27.2 (1968): 176-90. JSTOR. Web.

Davis, Robert S. “Escape from Andersonville: A Study in Isolation and Imprisonment.” The

Journal of Military History. 67.4 (2003): 1065-1081. Web.

Davis, Robert S. Ghosts and Shadows of Andersonville: Essays on the Secret Social Histories of

America’s Deadliest Prison. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2006. Print.

Gordon-Burr, Lesley Jill. “Storms of Indignation: The Art of Andersonville as Postwar

Propaganda.” The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 75.3 (1991): 587-600. Web.

Goss, Warren Lee. “The Responsibility for Andersonville.” The North American Review.

150.402 (1890): 660-662. Web.

Hesseltine, William Best. “Andersonville.” The Georgia Review. 3.1 (1949): 103-114. Web.

Hesseltine, William Best. “Andersonville Revisited.” The Georgia Review. 10.1 (1956): 92-101.Web.

MacIsaac, Andrew. “From Bangor to Elmira and Back again: The Civil War Career of Dr. Eugene Francis Sanger.” Maine History 37.1 (1997): 30-59. Web.

Marvel, William. Andersonville: The Last Depot. Chapel Hill, NC and London: University of

North Carolina Press, 1994. Print.

Roberts, Edward F. Andersonville Journey. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 1998. Print.